Numbers, 33:1-36:13

Portion Summary

The portion, Masaei (Journeys), describes the journeys of the children of Israel, the stops where they parked in the desert, and their final preparations to enter the land of Israel. The portion details several commandments, such as the obliteration of idol worship, cities of refuge, rules regarding involuntary manslaughter, appointing presidents to the tribes under the leadership of Joshua, son of Nun and Elazar the Priest, dedicating cities for the people of the tribe of Levi, and a description of the boundaries of the land.

The portion ends with the continuation of the story of the daughters of Zelophehad, the fear of the tribe of Menashe that their women would marry men from other tribes, thus causing the tribe to lose its lots. In consequence, Moses issues a warrant prohibiting the daughters of Zelophehad from marrying men of other tribes, as well as other prohibitions that concern marriages of people from different tribes.

Commentary

The portion is a preparation to enter the land of Israel. At this stage, we begin the inner work, rising to a degree where our will to receive connects with the upper force. Here we discover the upper force because we are living inside that desire.

It is written that the land of Israel is the land where the Creator is present from the beginning of the year to its end. That is, He is always in the land of Israel—in a desire aiming entirely to bestow, Yashar El (straight to God). We discover the upper force within that desire and are in Dvekut (adhesion) with it. This is the intention of the land of Israel.

From this, we can learn to what extent we are not in the spiritual land of Israel, but in the corporeal one. Kabbalists tell us that we have been given the opportunity to return to the corporeal (physical) land of Israel so we can rise to the spiritual one. For this purpose, we must all be together, united as a family, “as one man with one heart,” as in, “All of Israel are friends” and as in, “Love your neighbor as yourself.” We have connected on the stipulation of mutual guarantee, for only if we meet this criterion will we enter the land of Israel.

All the conditions and laws we have adopted thus far—and have attempted to keep when coping with the problems that arose within us as unfavorable desires that should be corrected—have been corrected in the previous portion, Matot (Tribes). In Matot, we arranged the Kelim (vessels) as a summary of what we went through during our period in the desert, when we rose to the state of wanting to bestow in order to bestow. Now we are facing the entrance to the land of Israel, the will to receive in order to bestow.

For this reason, before us is a summary of the previous matters and a last examination of the conditions. We are coordinated in our corrected state, a state called “the land of Israel.” On the one hand, we must be connected with all the tribes, all the others, our brothers. We must be in a state of “all of Israel are friends,” “as one man with one heart,” seeking everybody’s favor, and we must be in equivalence between us.

On the other hand, we need to see the other aspects of the people: to detect the twelve tribes and to adhere to the prohibition against intermarriage. That prohibition means that we must match the right desire to the right act. This is called, “matching a woman to a man” so they are in congruence and can achieve the proper, good results, and are not confused by one another. To obtain something, we must work with the desires with which we were born, and not confuse others about achievements on the earthly level.

The same is true for the cities of refuge, the division of the land, and the boundaries of the land. The word, Eretz (land), comes from the word, Ratzon (desire). By knowing one’s own desire and the people’s general desire, we must all, like cells in an organism, work as cogwheels in a uniform manner to achieve the state of “the people of Israel in the land of Israel.” Then, according to the level of congruence between us, the favorable integration and the right connection, we will feel that the upper force is present among us. That state will protect us against every trouble and plight, from the smallest to the biggest.

If we all arrive, even if just a little, at a state that resembles that desire, a state of mutual bestowal, mutual love, mutual connection, like the true definition of the land of Israel, we are guaranteed to be rewarded with the upper force. We will be rewarded with the strongest possible spiritual “roof,” under which we will thrive and chase our enemies away.

Questions and Answers

The people of Israel returned to the land of Israel sixty-four years ago, but still seek the real meaning of being “in the land of Israel.” What does it truly mean to be in Israel?

Man comprises the whole of the will to receive (which is the heart) and the thought (which is the mind). These are the two primary elements that exist in us, that distinguish humans from animals, from beasts. Man’s body is an organism that is part of the animal kingdom, but we are distinguished from that kingdom by our desires and thoughts. For this reason, it is only our thoughts and desires that we must correct.

Our desires are divided into “bodily desires” for food, reproduction, and family, and “social desires” for money, respect, power, and knowledge. We may want many things, but all our wishes basically fit into those seven primary wants. We want to fulfill all our wishes, both on the physical-corporeal level of food, reproduction (sex), and family, and on the social level of money, respect, power, and knowledge. All of these desires exist in everyone but in different combinations in each of us.

There are other desires that arise in our day-to-day lives of which we are unaware, such as desires between people. These desires are turned toward others, such as one who gives of oneself to others, not seeking to obtain any benefit for oneself. These desires are the 613 desires between man and man.

When we connect to others without the aim to exploit or gain, but truly come out of ourselves for the sake of others, we discover those 613 desires. We first discover them in their egotistical form, but if we shift them into working for the sake of others, this is a correction, the performance of a Mitzva (good deed/commandment).

We perform the Mitzvot (plural of Mitzva) through the light that comes to us when we study the wisdom of Kabbalah correctly. It is called “the light in it reforms.” The wisdom of Kabbalah is called “Torah,” “The Torah of light,” “the internality of the Torah,” or “the true law (Torah),” since by studying it we draw to ourselves the light that corrects the desires between us.

Correcting the 613 desires in the relations between man and man leads one into the corrected desire that includes the 613 desires of love, bestowal, friendship, unity, connection, and mutual guarantee. This desire is called “the land of Israel,” where all the desires are Yashar El (straight to God, the Creator). They are Yashar El not only because of our approach to others, toward the friends, toward the people of Israel, but because this is a desire to bestow, the same desire as the Creator’s—a desire to do good to all.

Hence, when we reach the land of Israel, the desire straight to others, we can also live in the physical land of Israel. That, however, must be with the condition that we have a reciprocal connection, called “the spiritual land of Israel,” a state of “all of Israel are friends.”

This is why Kabbalists such as Baal HaSulam (Rav Yehuda Ashlag) and the Rav Kook wrote that today we have been given an opportunity to return to the corporeal land of Israel. However, we have yet to merit it, so we may achieve correction—connection—in the short time we have been given. Kabbalists explain that if we do not contemplate this and move in that direction, we will not merit staying here and will be exiled.

Why is there such a strict division into twelve tribes with a prohibition against intermarriage?

“Connecting” means to marry. The different organs in our bodies work very differently from one another. You cannot connect the kidneys to the lungs or the liver to the heart because each organ works within its own system. It is like an engine in which one piston is working in one direction, and the other is working in another. You cannot connect these opposites without the proper adjustment. It has to follow an overall plan.

Is the end result a single system?

The result is one system: the people of Israel in the land of Israel.

What are the parts?

The parts are like pistons, like parts of an engine, moving in opposite directions but according to the same vector.

So is an individual person like a piston?

The individual is part of the whole. Each part must actualize its desire in the right manner. If we all realize ourselves with the qualities we were born with, we will reach the end of our correction on the personal level, our personal fulfillment. In this way, we will not confuse one another.

Is this equality vs. difference?

Precisely.

How does one do that equalizing?

Initially, we are not equal; we are different. There is no reason to deny it. Imagine a person having a unique talent for something, such as music, and we tell him, “No, you have to be a mechanic.” Can you force a musician to be a mechanic?

How does one know one’s role?

These days, we get “scattered” in every direction. This is why we are told, “Don’t marry, don’t look at others, find out for yourself where you belong.” If we are born to a certain tribe and possesses certain qualities in the common soul called “the people of Israel,” we must find our destiny and actualize it. This is when we will be happy.

With children, it is easy to see how each is special. Yet, this leads to competition.

There cannot be competition if one is a mechanic, another is a musician, a third is a physician, a fourth is an author, and a fifth is an engineer. The only competition that is possible is in how much each of us contributes to society.

Assume that two mechanics are born into a tribe of mechanics. One of them is smarter than the other and can invent special machines. The smarter one should be a team leader in a big factory that develop engines, while the less astute should be working at a small garage or for a garage owner.

Why does today’s society appreciates the smarter mechanic far more than the simple one?

The problem is that our society is not uniform and does not appreciate people according to their relative efforts. In a family, we admire a baby who does the silliest thing as though it were the greatest achievement. But to an uninvolved observer, it would seem like nothing to cheer about.

The point is that if we treat each other with love, we will feel that when one contributes to society from the bottom of the heart, that person should be appreciated far more than one who is simply talented and to whom the contribution is effortless.

Today, we have no regard for those who contribute to society, but we idolize the rich and famous.

This is the problem. We are not actualizing the goal for which we received the land of Israel. This is why our situation is so bleak.

Is this the “idol worship” that the portion mentions?

Yes, it is idol worship when we admire famous people and social icons and so forth.

How can we change that? Is it not part of the human mechanism?

The only way to change it is through education, explaining it to people on a daily basis over a period of time until they see the situation as it truly is and change. Today, the world is pressing upon us, and we will not be able to keep doing as we please. We cannot isolate ourselves from the declining world.

To enter the land of Israel, idol worship must be abolished. Is this a feasible task?

Any act that does not unite the nation in equality and love, or places the concept of unity above all other values, leads to idolatry.

How can we recognize the borders of the desire called “the land of Israel” before we enter it?

Our desire contains within it the whole of reality. From that, we can single out all the desire that is on earth. Out of the desire that is on earth, we can single out the additional desire called “the land of Israel,” which is a very small country if we look on the map.

It can hardly be seen.

This gives us an idea of what we correct. First, we must correct this desire. Once we correct it, we can move on to correct the general desire, the rest of the continents, and the entire world. This is the meaning of being “a light for the nations.” The text does not mention it, but the entrance to the land of Israel must be by one’s transcending one’s egotistical desire and being ready to begin to correct one’s desires into love of others.

How does one find the boundaries of this land?

When we work on our connections with others, we begin to see with which, out of our 613 desires, we can relate to others. These are the boundaries. Within us are many more desires, called “desires of the nations of the world.” These are very powerful, like the size of the world compared to the size of the land of Israel, but we correct them later.

These are the stages. Anyone who engages in the wisdom of Kabbalah reaches both types of desires.

In the Torah, we read about far wider borders than the dot we see on the map today. Is this something we will ever reach?

Without a doubt.

Physically?

We will reach it physically, but they will not be borders anymore. That is, there will be no borders whatsoever because we will be in the state of complete redemption.

Are there borders in spirituality, as well?

No, which is why all of us, the entire world, will be as “one man with one heart.” The children of Israel will be the ones to begin the correction, but later, as “a light for the nations,” they will join the entire world in the correction, as it is written, “For My house shall be called a house of prayer for all the nations” (Isaiah 56:7). What was previously limited will become boundless.

Another issue is the cities of refuge where, if one person murders another, the murderer can escape to a city of refuge and be protected there.

This occurs when we are still not working with all of our desires. If we make a mistake or fail in something, it is not because we are no longer worthy of being in the land of Israel, but because there are various scrutinies and problems in it, too. Clearly, we enter the desire so it will be directed toward brotherly love, love for all. This was impossible in the desert, except through the law, “That which you hate, do not do to your friend.” When entering the land of Israel, the law, “Love your neighbor as yourself” applies, the law of love.

Is it possible to make mistakes here?

Of course. There are new desires, new corrections, and there is the conquering of the land. In all these desires, we need to face up to our egotistical desires and truly exploit, defeat, break, and expel them. We need to do all the work that the people of Israel do in the land of Israel in the story. Here, however, it pertains to an internal story concerning the desires within us, and here we can err. This is why we were given the Torah. Just as Israel repeatedly made mistakes in the desert and then corrected themselves, the same applies to the conquering of the land. We make mistakes and then correct them.

What does it mean to make mistakes if we say that there is no one else besides Him?

It means we must discover those desires.

Where do I truly begin to correct?

Each time we succeed, we immediately fall into a mistake, a transgression.

Is it because we attribute the success to ourselves?

No. The mistake, the transgression, is not even ours. We are being introduced to a new, corrupted desire where we see ourselves as sinful, like the sin of the spies, the sin of the water, the sin of the serpents, and many other sins. The people of Israel seem never to listen to what they are being told.

However, this happens only because they do succeed. They are introduced to more and more of their corrupted desires in order to correct them. We all come from the breaking, from Pharaoh. This is why Pharaoh gradually appears as cruel, broken, and egotistical, and we need to correct him.

Therefore, we need not attribute our egotism to ourselves because “he who is greater than his friend, his desire is greater than him.” On the contrary, all that is revealed to us in the Torah is our own broken soul, which we correct. And it is not even we who do it; it has been done before us. The Creator tells us, “I have created the evil inclination,” and “I have hardened Pharaoh’s heart” (Exodus 10:1).

Does “obliteration” relate to idol worship?

Our work is to correct. This is why we constantly reveal the evil and correct it.

But it seems endless.

It is not endless. We are already living in the land of Israel, and we are building in it a house of sanctity. There is already light of Hochma being filled with light of Hassadim, and it is filling our souls, so we are already beginning to discover the eternal, perfect world.

Is the land of Israel a state of “no errors,” a perfect state?

It is the perfect state. Today we need to come to a state where the land of Israel spreads throughout every country and every continent. It is called “the land of the gazelle” because the desire with the aim to bestow, to love others, must eventually encompass the whole of reality.

We have the method that explains how to do it, and we must explain it to the rest of humanity. The work of disseminating the wisdom of Kabbalah is called “the Messiah’s Shofar.” It is our duty to carry it out because otherwise humanity will still achieve the complete correction, but after great torment, while doing it our way means that humanity can achieve correction quickly, using the light that reforms.